As a special vehicle model, operating a truck-mounted crane demands specific professional skills. One is only permitted to operate a truck-mounted crane after obtaining the relevant professional certificates. There are numerous details that require meticulous attention during the operation of a truck-mounted crane. By adhering to these, your truck-mounted crane can achieve superior results with greater efficiency.
First, conduct pre-operation inspection and maintenance. Prior to the operation of the truck-mounted crane, it is essential to carry out maintenance inspections and preparations of the vehicle in strict accordance with the operation manual. Start by initiating the engine and carefully examining various instruments while the vehicle is in neutral gear. Thoroughly inspect the operational range for the presence of overhead power lines or any obstacles. Only upon confirming the absence of any issues can you proceed with the operation preparations. This pre-operation inspection is crucial as it helps identify potential problems or hazards before the actual operation commences, reducing the risk of accidents and equipment malfunctions.
No-load operation. Initiate a no-load operation of each mechanism of the truck-mounted crane. Manipulate each control system and closely observe whether the operation and movement of the mechanism are normal and smooth. Check the reliability and safety of the brakes within the lifting mechanism and make adjustments if necessary. For hydraulic cranes, engage the oil pump with the power output shaft and allow the hydraulic oil to idle and preheat to ensure that the oil temperature meets the specified requirements. This preheating process guarantees a seamless flow of hydraulic oil within the system, optimizing the performance and reducing the risk of hydraulic component damage due to insufficient lubrication or improper oil viscosity.
Boom extension. In the case of a telescopic boom structure, after extending the boom, in a synchronous telescopic mechanism, it is imperative to verify whether the length of each section of the extended boom is equal. This ensures an even distribution of stress across each section of the boom, enhancing the overall stability and safety of the lifting operation. The boom extension process should be executed slowly and with caution. Under load conditions, as a general rule, boom extension is strictly prohibited. Additionally, the elevation angle of the crane boom must not exceed the specified value stipulated in the manual. Exceeding the recommended elevation angle can place excessive stress on the boom and related components, increasing the risk of structural failure and potential accidents.
Inspection and adjustment after heavy object lifting. When the truck-mounted crane lifts the rated load, it is necessary to halt the lifting process at a height of 200-300mm above the ground. Conduct a detailed inspection to ensure that the center of gravity of the cargo is properly balanced, the sling bindings are secure, there is no uneven loading, the brakes are functioning optimally, the stability of the entire machine is maintained, there is no deformation in the boom, and the pressure bearing of the outriggers is normal and reliable. Only after confirming the absence of any anomalies can you proceed with further lifting. During the lifting process, if any issues such as a shifted center of gravity of the cargo, questionable sling bindings, brake slippage, hook slippage, sinking of the outrigger supporting ground, or abnormal tilting of the entire machine are detected, the load should be immediately lowered. Timely adjustments must be made to eliminate any potential accident risks. This cautious approach helps prevent catastrophic failures and ensures the safety of both the equipment and the operating personnel.
The sequence of outrigger operations. The truck-mounted crane must not be operated without fully extending the outriggers. When extending the outriggers, the recommended sequence is to extend the rear outriggers first, followed by the front outriggers. Conversely, during retraction, the front outriggers should be retracted first, and then the rear outriggers. Adhering to this specific sequence helps maintain the stability and balance of the crane during operation, reducing the risk of tipping or instability.
Gravity descent and operation. When the hook is empty and the lifting weight is less than 30% of the rated lifting capacity, gravity descent can be employed. However, it is of utmost importance to operate this descent slowly, allowing the heavy object to descend under its own weight. Rapid or uncontrolled gravity descent can lead to sudden drops, causing potential damage to the equipment and posing a significant safety hazard.
In conclusion, the operation of a truck-mounted crane requires strict adherence to these detailed procedures and safety precautions. Each step plays a vital role in ensuring the safe, efficient, and reliable operation of the crane. By following these guidelines, operators can minimize the risk of accidents, extend the lifespan of the equipment, and successfully complete lifting tasks with precision and safety.
