In the realm of special vehicles, a power take-off is a common and essential component. Truck-mounted cranes, too, are equipped with this crucial accessory. The power take-off plays a vital role in ensuring the proper functioning of the crane on aавтокран. Without a properly functioning power take-off, the crane will not operate as intended, which can lead to significant disruptions in work and potential safety hazards. Today, we will delve deep into one of the main accessories of theавтокран – the power take-off.
First, let’s explore the working principle of the power take-off. At its core, it is a set of transmission gears, often referred to as a power output device. This complex assembly generally consists of a gearbox and a clutch. The power take-off is connected to specific gears within the gearbox and is shaft-connected to the lifting pump. It essentially acts as a separate gear within the gearbox. When this particular gear is engaged and the accelerator is depressed, the lifting pump is activated. This enables the transfer of power from the vehicle’s engine to the crane’s hydraulic system, allowing the crane to perform its lifting operations.
The power take-off can be connected to the transmission shaft or directly to the gear pump. The more common scenario is the connection to the transmission shaft. This connection allows for the efficient transfer of power from the vehicle’s powertrain to the crane’s hydraulic system. By engaging the power take-off, the engine’s rotational energy is redirected to operate the lifting pump, providing the necessary hydraulic pressure for the crane to lift heavy loads.
However, like any mechanical component, the power take-off is not immune to faults. Understanding the possible faults and their causes is crucial for timely diagnosis and repair. When the power take-off of a автокранmalfunctions, the result is that the gear pump does not rotate. As a consequence, the hydraulic tilting system loses its power source, rendering the entire system in a paralyzed state. This can bring work to a standstill and cause significant inconvenience and financial losses.
There are several reasons for the failure of the power take-off. One common cause is insufficient air pressure. The power take-off often relies on a certain level of air pressure to operate properly. If the air pressure is too low, it may not be able to engage the gears or operate the hydraulic system. This can occur due to a variety of reasons, such as a leak in the air supply system, a malfunctioning air compressor, or a blockage in the air lines.
Another possible cause is a clogged air pipeline. Over time, dirt, debris, and moisture can accumulate in the air lines, restricting the flow of air and reducing the pressure available to the power take-off. This can lead to a failure to engage or operate properly. A clogged air pipeline can also cause inconsistent operation or complete failure of the power take-off.
A malfunctioning solenoid valve is yet another potential cause of power take-off failure. The solenoid valve controls the flow of air to the power take-off cylinder. If the solenoid valve fails to open or close properly, it can disrupt the air supply and prevent the power take-off from functioning. This can occur due to electrical issues, mechanical damage, or a faulty solenoid valve itself.
When faced with a power take-off failure, it is essential to diagnose the problem accurately. First, observe the index on the air pressure gauge. If the air pressure is lower than the required working pressure, one possible solution is to increase the accelerator to increase the air pressure. By increasing the engine’s RPM, the air compressor can generate more air pressure, potentially restoring the proper operation of the power take-off.
If the air pressure is normal, the next step is to inspect the air pipe before and after the solenoid valve air valve. Look for any signs of clogging, cracks, or leaks. A clogged air pipe can restrict the flow of air, while a cracked or leaking pipe can result in insufficient air volume reaching the power take-off cylinder. Check the entire length of the pipeline for any visible damage or obstructions.
In addition to the air pipes, the electromagnetic air valve should also be checked for safety and reliability. The solenoid valve is a critical component in the air supply system, and any malfunction can affect the operation of the power take-off. Test the solenoid valve by activating it manually or using a diagnostic tool to ensure it is opening and closing properly.
If there are no problems with the air pressure, air pipes, or solenoid valve, then further inspection may be required. In some cases, the power take-off cylinder may be the source of the problem. Remove the power take-off cylinder and inspect the piston rod. Look for signs of damage, such as a worn or damaged piston, a cracked O-ring, or dirt on the inner wall of the cylinder. Replace the piston or O-ring if necessary and clean the cylinder to remove any dirt or debris.
After the lifting operation is completed, it is crucial to turn off the power take-off switch. Failure to do so can lead to additional problems. However, there are instances when the transmission shaft of the power take-off continues to rotate and the hydraulic pump is still working even after the switch has been turned off. This can be a dangerous situation as it can cause unnecessary wear and tear on the components and potentially lead to a breakdown.
There are generally three reasons for this situation. The first is that the nut that presses the fork has fallen off. When this nut falls off, the fork may not be properly engaged with the piston rod, causing the power take-off to continue operating. To address this issue, remove the power take-off cylinder seat and replace it with a new lock piece. Then, fasten the nut securely to ensure proper engagement.
The second reason could be that the screw on the piston rod has become loose. A loose screw can cause the piston rod to move irregularly or fail to disengage properly, resulting in continued operation of the power take-off. In this case, remove the rear cover of the power take-off cylinder and check whether the screw on the piston rod is loose. If it is, tighten the screw again and install a split pin to prevent it from loosening further.
If both the nut and the screw are intact and undamaged, then the third possible cause may be a weakened or damaged spring on the power take-off piston rod. To check for this, push the piston rod by hand. If there is an empty stroke, it indicates that the spring has been damaged. In this situation, the cylinder seat must be removed and a new spring replaced to restore proper operation.
For example, imagine aавтокранin the middle of a construction site. The operator has completed a lifting operation but notices that the power take-off is still running, and the hydraulic pump is continuing to work. This can be a cause for concern as it not only wastes fuel but also increases the risk of damage to the crane and its components. By following the steps outlined above, the operator can quickly diagnose the problem and take the necessary steps to correct it.
В заключение, the power take-off is a critical accessory forавтокранs. Understanding its working principle and possible faults is essential for ensuring the proper operation and safety of the crane. By being able to diagnose and repair power take-off problems promptly, operators can minimize downtime and maximize the efficiency of their автокранs. Regular maintenance and inspection of the power take-off and its associated components can help prevent failures and ensure the smooth operation of the crane in various applications.
