I. КулокранLifting Tower cranes have a lifting capacity ranging from 3 to 100 tons and a boom length of 40 to 80 meters. They are typically employed in situations where the usage location is fixed and the usage period is relatively long. This is a cost-effective option. Usually, a single tower crane is used for the operation, but in some cases, two cranes can be coordinated for a tandem lift. Tower cranes are well-suited for construction projects such as large building complexes or industrial facilities where a significant amount of heavy lifting is required over an extended period. Their stationary nature allows for precise and efficient positioning of loads within a specific area. For example, in the construction of a high-rise building, a tower crane can be strategically positioned to lift steel beams, concrete slabs, and other building materials to the required heights. The lifting capacity and boom length of tower cranes make them capable of handling a wide variety of loads and reaching significant heights, reducing the need for multiple smaller lifting devices and streamlining the construction process.
II. Мостов кранLifting Bridge cranes possess a lifting capacity from 3 to 1000 tons and a span of 3 to 150 meters. They offer great convenience in use and are mainly utilized within factory buildings and workshops. Similar to tower cranes, they can operate as a single unit or in a tandem lift with two cranes. Bridge cranes are an essential part of industrial production lines as they can move heavy machinery, raw materials, and finished products with ease. Their ability to span large distances allows for efficient material handling across the width of a factory floor. For instance, in an automobile manufacturing plant, a bridge crane can lift and transport heavy engine blocks from one workstation to another, facilitating the assembly process. The wide range of lifting capacities available means that bridge cranes can be customized to suit the specific needs of different industries, from light manufacturing to heavy industrial operations.
III. Truck CraneLifting Truck cranes feature hydraulic telescopic booms with a lifting capacity of 8 to 550 tons and a boom length of 27 to 120 meters. There are also models with steel structure booms, having a lifting capacity of 70 to 250 tons and a boom length of 27 to 145 meters. These cranes are highly maneuverable and convenient to use. They can be used for single-unit, tandem, or even multi-unit lifting operations. Truck cranes are popular in construction sites and for various outdoor lifting tasks due to their mobility. They can be quickly transported to different locations and set up for lifting operations. For example, in a road construction project, a truck crane can be used to lift and place heavy concrete barriers or to assist in the installation of streetlights. Their versatility allows them to handle a diverse range of loads and adapt to different working conditions, making them a valuable asset in many industries.
IV. Crawler Crane Lifting Crawler cranes have a lifting capacity ranging from tens of tons to over a thousand tons and a boom length that can reach hundreds of meters. They are capable of lifting and moving with medium and small weights, exhibiting high maneuverability and convenience. They have a long service life and are cost-effective. They can be used for single-unit, tandem, or multi-unit lifting. Crawler cranes are particularly useful in large-scale construction projects such as the construction of power plants or petrochemical facilities. Their ability to move on rough terrains and lift heavy loads makes them suitable for working in challenging environments. For instance, in a power plant construction, a crawler crane can lift and position heavy turbines and generators. Their long boom lengths enable them to reach over obstacles and place loads in precise locations, ensuring the efficient progress of the project.
V. Helicopter Lifting Helicopters have a lifting capacity of up to 26 tons and are used in situations where other lifting machinery is unable to perform, such as in mountainous areas or at high altitudes. Helicopter lifting is a specialized method that is often employed in the installation of equipment in remote or inaccessible locations. For example, in the construction of a communication tower on a mountain peak, a helicopter can transport and place the heavy tower sections and equipment. This method is also used in emergency situations, such as the delivery of relief supplies to disaster-stricken areas where the infrastructure has been severely damaged and traditional lifting equipment cannot be used. However, helicopter lifting is relatively expensive and requires careful planning and coordination due to the complex nature of aerial operations.
VI. Mast System Lifting Mast system lifting usually consists of masts, guy wire systems, lifting systems, skidding and rolling systems, and towing and tailing systems. Masts can be single masts, double masts, A-frame masts, portal masts, or lattice masts. Lifting systems include winch and pulley systems, hydraulic lifting systems, and hydraulic jacking systems. There are various lifting techniques such as single mast and double mast sliding lifting methods, slewing (single slewing, double slewing) methods, and anchorless pushing methods. Mast system lifting is often used in industrial installations and large equipment erection. For example, in the installation of a large industrial boiler, the mast system can be used to lift and position the heavy boiler components. The different types of masts and lifting systems can be configured according to the specific requirements of the project, providing flexibility and precision in the lifting process.
VII. Cable Crane Lifting Cable cranes are used in situations where other lifting methods are inconvenient or uneconomical, especially for occasions with a relatively small lifting weight but large spans and heights, such as in bridge construction and the lifting of equipment on top of TV towers. Cable cranes work by suspending a load from a cable that spans between two or more anchor points. This allows them to cover large distances and lift loads to significant heights. In bridge construction, a cable crane can be used to lift and place bridge deck sections or other components. Their ability to operate over water or other obstacles makes them an ideal choice for such projects. The cable crane’s design and operation require careful engineering and consideration of factors such as cable tension, wind loads, and load distribution to ensure safe and efficient lifting.
VIII. Hydraulic Lifting Method Currently, на “steel strand suspension load-bearing, hydraulic lifting jack cluster, computer-controlled synchronization” method is widely used. There are mainly two ways: the pulling-up (or lifting) type and the climbing (or jacking) type. Hydraulic lifting methods are known for their precision and control. They are often used in the installation of large structures or equipment where accurate positioning and smooth lifting are required. For example, in the construction of a large stadium, the hydraulic lifting method can be used to lift and install the roof structure. The computer-controlled synchronization ensures that all the lifting points work in harmony, preventing any misalignment or uneven lifting. This method is also relatively safe as it allows for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the lifting process, reducing the risk of accidents.
IX. Lifting Method Using Structures This method involves using building structures as lifting points (after verifying and obtaining the consent of the designer). Equipment is lifted or moved through lifting tools such as winches and pulley blocks. This method can be a cost-effective solution when suitable building structures are available. For example, in the renovation of an existing building, the building’s columns or beams can be used as anchor points for lifting new equipment or materials into place. However, it requires a detailed structural analysis to ensure that the building can withstand the additional loads and stresses imposed by the lifting operation. Any modifications or reinforcements to the building structure must be carried out in accordance with engineering standards and regulations.
X. Ramp Lifting Method The ramp lifting method involves constructing a ramp and using lifting tools such as winches and pulley blocks to lift the equipment onto the foundation and position it. This method is suitable for situations where it is not possible or convenient to use other lifting methods. For example, in a small-scale industrial installation where there is limited space for large cranes, a ramp can be built to roll or lift the equipment into place. The ramp must be designed and constructed to provide a stable and safe path for the equipment to be lifted. The slope and surface of the ramp should be carefully considered to prevent any slippage or instability during the lifting process. Additionally, the lifting equipment used must be properly sized and configured to handle the weight and dimensions of the load.
В заключение, the choice of a suitable lifting method depends on various factors such as the nature of the project, the weight and size of the load, the location and accessibility of the lifting site, and the available resources and budget. Each of these ten commonly used lifting methods has its own unique characteristics and applications, and a proper understanding and selection of the appropriate method is crucial for the successful completion of any lifting and installation task.
