Hydraulic oil plays a crucial role in the operation of small cranes. It is the lifeblood of the hydraulic system, providing the necessary power and smooth functioning. Understanding the correct usage method of hydraulic oil is essential for ensuring the optimal performance and longevity of small cranes. In this article, we will explore in detail the correct usage method of hydraulic oil for small cranes.
Cleaning the hydraulic system before changing the oil
Before changing the oil in small cranes, it is of utmost importance to clean the hydraulic system thoroughly. The hydraulic system is a complex network of components that work together to perform various lifting and moving operations. Over time, contaminants such as dirt, dust, metal particles, and sludge can accumulate in the system, affecting its performance and potentially causing damage.
To clean the hydraulic system effectively, several steps can be taken. First, drain the existing hydraulic oil completely. This can be done by locating the drain plug or valve and allowing the oil to flow out into a suitable container. Be careful not to spill the oil and dispose of it properly according to environmental regulations.
Next, use a suitable cleaning agent or solvent to flush the system. There are commercial hydraulic system cleaners available that can be used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. These cleaners help to dissolve and remove contaminants from the system. Alternatively, a solvent such as mineral spirits or a degreaser can be used, but be sure to rinse the system thoroughly with a clean solvent to remove any residue.
After flushing with the cleaning agent or solvent, rinse the system with a low-viscosity hydraulic oil. This helps to remove any remaining contaminants and prepares the system for the new hydraulic oil. Run the crane’s hydraulic system for a short period to circulate the rinse oil through all the components. Then, drain the rinse oil again.
Before using hydraulic oil each time for the hydraulic system, it must be thoroughly cleaned. This is especially important if the crane has been in storage for a long time or if there has been any suspicion of contamination. When changing to hydraulic oil of the same brand, also flush 1-2 times with the newly changed hydraulic oil. This extra step helps to ensure that any remaining contaminants are removed and that the system is filled with clean oil.
For example, imagine a small crane that has been sitting idle for several months. When it is time to put it back into service, cleaning the hydraulic system before changing the oil is essential. By following the proper cleaning procedures, the operator can remove any contaminants that may have accumulated during storage and ensure that the new hydraulic oil will perform optimally.
Avoiding random mixing of hydraulic oils
Hydraulic oil of one brand cannot be randomly mixed with hydraulic oil of different brands without the consent of the equipment manufacturer and without scientific basis. Different brands of hydraulic oils may have different formulations and properties, and mixing them can lead to unpredictable results.
Some hydraulic oils are designed specifically for certain types of equipment or operating conditions. They may have different viscosity grades, additives, and performance characteristics. Mixing oils with different formulations can cause chemical reactions, changes in viscosity, and reduced lubrication and protection. This can lead to increased wear and tear on the hydraulic components, reduced system efficiency, and even potential damage.
For example, if a small crane is using a specific brand of hydraulic oil that is recommended by the manufacturer, adding a different brand of oil without proper research and approval can be risky. The new oil may not be compatible with the existing oil, resulting in poor performance or damage to the hydraulic system.
It is always best to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations regarding the type and brand of hydraulic oil to be used. If there is a need to change the brand of hydraulic oil, consult the manufacturer or a qualified hydraulic specialist for guidance. They can provide advice on whether the new oil is compatible with the existing system and recommend any necessary precautions or procedures.
Maintaining a well-sealed hydraulic system
For small cranes, it is crucial to maintain a well-sealed hydraulic system. The hydraulic system must be kept strictly sealed to prevent leakage and the ingress of various contaminants from the outside.
Leakage of hydraulic oil not only results in a loss of fluid and reduced system performance but can also pose a safety hazard. Leaking oil can create slippery surfaces, increasing the risk of accidents. Additionally, leaks can lead to environmental contamination and potential fines for non-compliance with environmental regulations.
To ensure a tight seal, regularly inspect all hydraulic connections, hoses, fittings, and seals. Look for any signs of leakage such as wet spots, drips, or puddles. Tighten any loose connections and replace any damaged or worn seals promptly. Use the correct torque specifications when tightening fittings to ensure a proper seal without over-tightening and causing damage.
In addition to preventing leakage, a well-sealed hydraulic system also prevents the entry of dust, debris, water, and other contaminants. These contaminants can enter the system through small openings, breather vents, or damaged seals. Once inside the system, they can cause wear and damage to the hydraulic components, reduce the effectiveness of the oil, and lead to system failures.
For example, if a small crane is operating in a dusty environment, it is important to ensure that the hydraulic system is properly sealed to prevent dust from entering. Dust can act as an abrasive and cause premature wear on pumps, valves, and cylinders. Similarly, if the crane is exposed to water or moisture, proper sealing can prevent water from mixing with the hydraulic oil and causing corrosion and damage.
Filtering new oil when adding it
When adding new oil to the hydraulic system of a small crane, it must be filtered as required. New hydraulic oil may contain contaminants even though it comes from a sealed container. These contaminants can include dust, dirt, metal particles, and moisture that may have entered during storage or transportation.
Using a proper filtration system when adding new oil helps to remove these contaminants and ensure that only clean oil enters the hydraulic system. There are different types of filters available, such as inline filters and suction filters. These filters are designed to trap particles of different sizes and protect the hydraulic components from damage.
For example, when adding new hydraulic oil to a small crane, the operator can use an inline filter connected to the oil filler port. As the oil passes through the filter, any contaminants are captured, and only clean oil enters the system. This helps to maintain the purity of the hydraulic oil and prolong the life of the components.
Replacing hydraulic oil in time according to the oil change indicator
Hydraulic oil degrades over time due to heat, pressure, and contamination. As the oil ages, its properties change, and it may lose its lubricating and cooling capabilities. Therefore, it is important to replace the hydraulic oil in time according to the oil change indicator.
Most small cranes are equipped with an oil change indicator or a recommended maintenance schedule. This indicator can be based on factors such as operating hours, time elapsed since the last oil change, or the condition of the oil. For example, some manufacturers recommend changing the hydraulic oil every 1000 operating hours or once a year, whichever comes first.
Regularly check the oil change indicator and monitor the condition of the hydraulic oil. Look for signs of degradation such as darkening color, increased viscosity, the presence of contaminants, or a decrease in performance. If any of these signs are observed, it is time to change the oil.
When changing the hydraulic oil, follow the proper procedures as described earlier. Drain the old oil completely, clean the system if necessary, and add fresh, clean oil of the correct type and viscosity.
For example, if a small crane‘s oil change indicator shows that it is time for an oil change, the operator should schedule the maintenance promptly. By replacing the hydraulic oil in a timely manner, the crane can continue to operate smoothly and reliably, reducing the risk of breakdowns and costly repairs.
In conclusion, using hydraulic oil correctly is essential for the proper functioning and longevity of small cranes. By following these correct usage methods, including cleaning the hydraulic system before changing the oil, avoiding random mixing of oils, maintaining a well-sealed system, filtering new oil, and replacing the oil in time according to the oil change indicator, operators can ensure the optimal performance and reliability of their small cranes. Taking proper care of the hydraulic system and using the correct hydraulic oil will not only extend the life of the equipment but also enhance safety and productivity on the job site.
