When dealing with the MacPherson independent suspension on a road wrecker truck, it’s crucial to understand the key adjustment points and methods to ensure optimal alignment and handling. The following methods outline how to adjust the toe-in and camber angles effectively.
Adjusting the Toe-In
The toe-in is the only parameter that can typically be adjusted on many models with a MacPherson suspension. To adjust the toe-in:
Locate the Tie Rod Ends: Identify the tie rod ends connected to the steering knuckle.
Loosen the Lock Nuts: Loosen the lock nuts on the tie rod ends.
Adjust the Tie Rods: Rotate the tie rods to either lengthen or shorten them, thereby adjusting the toe angle.
Retighten the Lock Nuts: Once the desired toe-in is achieved, retighten the lock nuts to secure the adjustment.
Adjusting the Camber Angle
1. Changing the Position of the Steering Knuckle and Outer End of the Control Arm
This method involves adjusting the camber angle by altering the position of the ball joint and steering knuckle:
Loosen the Bolts: Loosen the bolts connecting the ball joint to the control arm.
Move the Ball Joint: Move the ball joint and steering knuckle laterally to achieve the desired camber angle.
Retighten the Bolts: Secure the bolts once the adjustment is complete.
2. Changing the Position of the Upper Mount of the Elastic Strut
Adjusting the upper mount of the elastic strut can also alter the camber angle:
Locate the Upper Mount: Identify the upper mount of the suspension’s elastic strut, which is bolted to the vehicle body.
Adjust the Position: Loosen the mounting bolts and shift the upper mount to the desired position to change the camber angle.
Secure the Mount: Retighten the bolts after making the adjustment.
3. Changing the Position of the Upper End of the Steering Knuckle
This method involves using the eccentric cam to adjust the camber angle:
Locate the Eccentric Cam Bolts: Identify the two bolts at the lower end of the elastic strut that connect to the upper end of the steering knuckle.
Rotate the Upper Bolt: Rotate the upper bolt, which is connected via an eccentric cam, to move the upper end of the steering knuckle laterally.
Adjust the Camber Angle: Continue rotating until the desired camber angle is achieved.
Secure the Bolts: Tighten the bolts to secure the position.
Suspension Components and Their Role
Understanding the components of the wrecker truck’s suspension system helps in performing accurate adjustments:
Double-Acting Tubular Shock Absorbers: These shock absorbers provide damping and also serve as a part of the suspension rod system.
Coil Springs: These springs support the vehicle’s weight and help in absorbing shocks from the road.
Welded Suspension Components: These include various welded parts that hold the suspension system together.
Buffer Pads and Rubber Dust Covers: These components protect the suspension system from dirt and reduce noise and vibration.
Maintenance Considerations
Shock Absorber Strut Mount: Connects the shock absorber to the vehicle body and ensures smooth movement.
Sliding Column: Moves up and down within the cylinder, acting as the kingpin.
Leaf Springs: Provide additional support and cushioning. If a leaf, especially the main leaf, breaks, it can cause the vehicle body to tilt.
Leaf Spring Issues
Lateral Tilt: Caused by a broken main leaf on one side of the front leaf spring.
Longitudinal Tilt: Caused by a broken main leaf on one side of the rear leaf spring.
By understanding and utilizing these adjustment methods, you can maintain the alignment and performance of your wrecker truck’s suspension system, ensuring safer and more efficient towing operations. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to detect and correct any misalignments or wear in the suspension components.
