During crane operations, it is extremely hazardous to stand under the boom, beneath the load, in the lifting zone before the object is hoisted, in the triangular area formed by guide pulley cables, around fast-moving cables, or in the direction of tension from inclined hooks or guide pulleys. If an emergency arises, it becomes nearly impossible to escape quickly from these zones. Proper positioning is crucial for operators. Not only should individuals remain constantly vigilant about their own positioning, but they should also remind and check others to ensure safety and prevent accidents.
A lack of awareness regarding the safety factors of slings often leads to dangerous practices in crane operations. Workers may rely solely on the integrity of the rope as an indication of its usability, ignoring weight limits and exceeding load capacities. This creates persistent high-risk conditions during operations.
3. Anticipating Risks During Dismantling Operations
During dismantling tasks, operators must anticipate potential risks, such as underestimating the weight of objects, failing to fully sever connections during cutting, increased loads due to compression of dismantled parts, and lifting objects without first inspecting connection points. Each of these scenarios can lead to accidents if not properly addressed.
Crane operations differ significantly from other construction tasks. They often involve a wide range of equipment, including cranes from various manufacturers and types. Differences in operational habits, equipment performance, and signal communication can easily result in errors. Special attention must be paid to ensure coordination and prevent mistakes.
5. Securing Suspended Objects
When dismantling objects at height, the load must be secured using locking mechanisms rather than simple cradling methods. Sharp edges of the load should be padded to prevent damage to the slings and ensure stability.
6. Tight Winding of Drum Cables
In operations involving large loads, loosely wound steel cables on crane or motorized winch drums can cause the cable to tighten unevenly under heavy loads. This leads to severe vibrations and instability in the fast-moving cables, creating dangerous situations where operations may need to be stopped abruptly.
7. Unintended Hooking of Objects
Many accidents occur when the crane’s hook, carrying empty slings, unintentionally snags on objects such as previously hoisted items or surrounding structures. If the operator or signal person fails to respond promptly, such incidents can result in immediate accidents with severe consequences for both personnel and equipment.
8. Securing Long-Suspended Loads
Certain equipment or components require temporary suspension in mid-air due to procedural requirements. If these suspended loads remain unsecured by safety ropes for an extended period, they are at risk of falling due to unexpected vibrations or impacts. This could lead to catastrophic consequences.
9. Prioritizing Safety Over Speed
Rushing to meet construction deadlines often leads to oversights. Examples include failing to assess ground conditions for crane positioning, underestimating the weight of hoisted objects, and overlooking hazards such as high-voltage lines, operating equipment, gas pipelines, and warning signs. These oversights can result in significant setbacks and accidents.
10. Using Defective or Substandard Slings
Some operators opt for convenience by using discarded or defective slings, unaware of their potential dangers. These discarded slings may have hidden internal damage, localized weakening due to exposure to high heat, or welding marks. ထို့ အပြင်, purchasing substandard equipment such as pulleys and rings from unverified manufacturers increases risks. To ensure safety, only certified equipment should be used, and damaged slings must be promptly destroyed to prevent reuse by others.
By adhering to these comprehensive guidelines, crane operators and supporting personnel can ensure safer and more efficient operations. Each point emphasizes proactive safety measures and proper procedural adherence to minimize risks and safeguard lives and equipment.
