The truck-mounted crane, also referred to as the truck-mounted crane transporter, can be categorized based on tonnage into various options such as 2 tons, 3.2 tons, 6.3 tons, 8 tons, 10 tons, 12 tons, 16 tons, 20 tons, and more. Classification by chassis brand includes models from Dayun, Jianghuai, Shaanxi Automobile, FAW Jiefang, Dongfeng, Sinotruk, among others. When classified by crane brand, we have XCMG, Changxing, Hercules, Shimei, Xinfeigong, and numerous others. Today, I will provide you with an in-depth introduction to the structure and principle of the truck-mounted crane.
The boom: The boom of the truck-mounted crane comes in several structural forms, such as rectangle, hexagon, and octagon. Currently, hexagon and octagon designs are predominantly used. Its primary function is to support the load and modify the working radius of the crane. It is composed of the basic boom, multiple telescopic booms at different levels, and telescopic cylinders. The movement of the boom in the truck-mounted crane typically follows a specific sequence. When extending outward, the second section of the boom extends first, followed by the third section and the top section. The retraction sequence is the reverse. This sequential movement is precisely controlled by the sequence valve. The design and construction of the boom are critical for ensuring the crane’s lifting capacity and reach. The use of high-strength materials and precise manufacturing processes ensure the durability and stability of the boom during operation. The telescopic function of the boom allows for flexibility in adapting to different working scenarios and load requirements.
Hoisting mechanism: The hoisting mechanism is primarily composed of the hoisting motor, reduction gearbox, and drum. It is installed on the column and driven by the plunger motor to drive the reduction gearbox, which in turn rotates the drum. This enables the lifting, lowering, and free stopping of heavy objects. The hoisting motor provides the necessary power, while the reduction gearbox reduces the rotational speed and increases the torque to handle the heavy loads. The drum is responsible for winding and unwinding the hoisting rope or chain to effect the actual lifting and lowering operations. The coordination and performance of these components determine the smoothness and safety of the hoisting process.
Luffing cylinder: The luffing cylinder mainly consists of the cylinder body, piston rod, cylinder head, and seals, among other components. Its operational principle involves utilizing the flow of liquid to achieve the telescopic movement of the cylinder. Its key function is to adjust the undulation angle of the boom. By controlling the extension and retraction of the luffing cylinder, the operator can precisely position the boom at the desired angle to reach the target load and complete the lifting task effectively. The quality and performance of the luffing cylinder are crucial for accurate and stable boom positioning.
Slewing mechanism: The slewing mechanism is composed of the slewing reduction gearbox and hydraulic motor. The principle behind its operation is the utilization of the hydraulic power of the truck-mounted crane to drive the rotation of the hydraulic motor, which then drives the worm of the slewing reduction gearbox to rotate. Its function is to drive the upper column and boom of the crane to rotate around the slewing center. This rotational movement provides the crane with the ability to access loads from different directions and positions, enhancing its operational flexibility and efficiency. The slewing mechanism must be capable of smooth and precise rotation to ensure accurate placement of the load and safe operation.
Outrigger structure: The outriggers are divided into front outriggers and rear outriggers. The front outrigger mechanism is composed of the outrigger frame, the telescopic cylinder of the outrigger frame, and the outrigger cylinder. The rear outrigger mechanism is constituted by the bracket and the outrigger cylinder. The principle underlying its operation is the use of the flow of liquid to complete the telescopic movement of the cylinder. Its main function is to provide stability and support during crane operation, reducing the load on the chassis beam. The outriggers play a vital role in ensuring the stability of the crane, especially when handling heavy loads or operating on uneven ground. They distribute the weight of the crane and the lifted load more evenly, preventing tipping or instability.
To operate the truck-mounted crane more effectively and safely, a comprehensive understanding of its structure and principle is indispensable. This knowledge enables the operator to make informed decisions regarding the operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of the crane. It also helps in maximizing the crane’s performance and lifespan while minimizing the risk of accidents and breakdowns. I sincerely hope the above information and explanations regarding the structure and principle of the crane prove beneficial and useful to everyone.
In conclusion, the truck-mounted crane is a complex piece of machinery that requires a detailed understanding of its various components and their functions to ensure its proper and efficient utilization. By grasping the structure and principle, operators can better handle the challenges and demands of different lifting tasks, contributing to the success and safety of various construction and transportation projects.
