Everyone should be familiar with special-purpose vehicles. They encompass sanitation and greening vehicles, cargo transport vehicles, engineering construction vehicles, dangerous goods transport vehicles, and special operation vehicles. Just like other vehicles, special-purpose vehicles also require maintenance. When maintaining special-purpose vehicles, have you given attention to their transmissions? The quality of the transmission directly influences driving comfort and controllability. Hence, the transmission must be properly maintained.
The transmissions of special-purpose vehicles are generally manual transmissions. For instance, the Dayun Aopuli 3.2-ton XCMG folding arm truck-mounted crane is equipped with a manual transmission. Manual transmissions are relatively simpler compared to automatic transmissions. Its maintenance involves the following points:
Regularly inspect the cleanliness of the transmission and check for any oil leakage. Once oil leakage or seepage is detected, it is imperative to promptly identify the cause and carry out the necessary repairs. Because in the transmission, the engine oil is splashed onto the surfaces of each gear through the meshing of the gears and the rotation at the bottom of the transmission. As a result, the engine oil can adhere to the gear surface, forming a protective oil film to guarantee good lubrication among each gear. If the engine oil in the transmission drops below the normal value range, it cannot be splashed onto the surfaces of each gear through the rotation of the gears. The gears will lose the protective oil film. When operating at high speed, the gear surface generates significant heat, which has a high probability of causing damage to the gear surface. In severe cases, it can even burn the gear surface, rendering the gear inoperable. The interior of the transmission also needs to be cleaned promptly in accordance with the requirements of the maintenance manual.
Let’s consider a scenario where a sanitation vehicle is constantly operating in a dusty environment. Dust and debris can enter the transmission, potentially causing damage and increasing the risk of oil leakage. Regular inspections and cleanings can prevent such issues.
Pay close attention to the lubricating oil within the transmission. When the lubricating oil is insufficient, add the same type of lubricating oil promptly. When the lubricating oil is at an adequate level, be vigilant in observing any changes in its quality. Due to the elevated temperature inside the transmission above the normal range, over time, the lubricating oil undergoes oxidation and deterioration, which is highly unfavorable for the transmission. Therefore, the lubricating oil also needs to be replaced at regular intervals.
For example, if the lubricating oil becomes contaminated or thickens due to prolonged use, it can lead to increased friction and heat within the transmission, reducing its efficiency and lifespan.
The driving habits of the driver also have an impact on the transmission. When starting the vehicle, it is essential to start in first gear. Starting in second gear will increase the load on the transmission and the engine. Over time, this will cause damage to the transmission. The vehicle speed should align with the gear. During vehicle operation, the gear should be shifted at any time based on the vehicle speed. Mismatching the gear and the vehicle speed will reduce the service life of the clutch and the transmission gears. When reversing the vehicle, it is necessary to engage the reverse gear only when the vehicle is completely stationary; otherwise, it will cause damage to the transmission.
Imagine a construction vehicle frequently experiencing rapid gear changes and improper shifting due to the driver’s haste. This can accelerate wear and tear on the transmission components.
This is approximately all I know about the maintenance of special-purpose vehicle transmissions. I hope it can provide assistance to friends who utilize special-purpose vehicles.
Now, let’s delve deeper into some additional aspects of transmission maintenance for special-purpose vehicles:
The type and quality of the lubricating oil used are of paramount importance. It’s crucial to select the lubricant recommended by the vehicle manufacturer or a high-quality equivalent that meets the specific requirements of the transmission. Different transmissions might have different viscosity and additive requirements, and using the incorrect oil can lead to poor lubrication and premature wear.
Regularly checking the clutch system is also essential. The clutch plays a vital role in the smooth engagement and disengagement of the transmission. Signs of clutch slippage, such as a loss of power during acceleration or a burning smell, should be addressed promptly. Adjustments or clutch replacement might be necessary to ensure proper transmission functionality.
Special-purpose vehicles often operate in challenging conditions, such as heavy loads, frequent starts and stops, and off-road terrains. This places additional stress on the transmission. In such cases, more frequent transmission inspections and maintenance intervals might be advisable to catch potential issues early.
For vehicles used in extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold, special precautions need to be taken. In cold climates, the transmission fluid might thicken, affecting shifting smoothness. In hot environments, the risk of overheating and fluid degradation is higher. Appropriate fluids and cooling measures can mitigate these problems.
It’s also beneficial to have a logbook to record transmission maintenance activities, including oil changes, inspections, and any repairs or adjustments. This can help track the transmission’s history and identify patterns of wear or potential issues over time.
When servicing the transmission, it’s recommended to have the work done by qualified technicians or mechanics who are familiar with the specific make and model of the special-purpose vehicle. Their expertise can ensure that the maintenance is carried out correctly and any potential problems are identified and addressed effectively.
Finally, training drivers on proper shifting techniques and transmission care can have a significant impact on the longevity and performance of the transmission. Educating them about the importance of smooth and correct gear changes can minimize wear and prevent unnecessary damage.
In conclusion, maintaining the transmission of special-purpose vehicles requires a combination of regular inspections, proper lubrication, good driving habits, and professional servicing. By taking these measures, you can ensure the reliable and efficient operation of the transmission, reducing the risk of breakdowns and extending the vehicle’s overall lifespan.
