When multiple cranes are used to lift a single component simultaneously, the load borne by each individual crane should meet the requirements of the special construction plan. In the context of large-scale construction projects or complex industrial operations where heavy components need to be lifted, it is often necessary to employ multiple cranes working in unison. This coordinated lifting operation requires precise planning and strict adherence to safety and load-bearing regulations. The special construction plan, which is formulated based on a comprehensive assessment of various factors such as the weight of the component, the lifting capacity of each crane, and the working conditions, serves as a crucial guideline. Each crane must be assigned a specific load that it can safely handle without exceeding its rated capacity. For example, if a large steel structure weighing several tons is to be lifted, and three cranes are involved in the operation, the plan will detail exactly how much of the total weight each crane should bear. This not only ensures the safety of the lifting process but also helps to maintain the balance and stability of the component during the lift.
The attachment points of the slings should conform to the requirements of the special construction plan. The proper selection and attachment of slings are of vital importance in the lifting and hoisting process. The slings are the connecting links between the crane hook and the component being lifted, and their reliability directly affects the safety of the entire operation. The special construction plan will specify the exact locations on the component where the slings should be attached. These attachment points are determined based on the structural characteristics of the component, such as its shape, center of gravity, and load-bearing capabilities. Incorrect attachment of slings can lead to an uneven distribution of load, which may cause the component to tilt or even slip during the lift, posing a serious threat to the safety of the operation and the surrounding environment. For instance, when lifting a precast concrete panel, the plan might indicate that the slings should be attached at the four corners of the panel to ensure an even distribution of the load and stable lifting.
When the crane is in operation, no one should stay beneath the boom, and the lifted object should not pass directly above people. This is a fundamental safety rule in crane operations. The boom of a crane is a long and heavy structure that is subject to various forces during the lifting process. In the event of unexpected situations such as a mechanical failure or improper operation, there is a risk that the boom could collapse or the lifted object could fall. If there are people staying beneath the boom or if the lifted object passes directly above them, the consequences could be catastrophic. Therefore, it is essential to keep a safe distance from the area beneath the boom and ensure that the path of the lifted object is clear of any human presence. For example, on a construction site, workers should be trained to be aware of the crane’s operating area and avoid standing or walking in the danger zone beneath the boom.
Cranes should not be used to transport personnel using lifting gear. Cranes are designed primarily for lifting and moving heavy objects, not for transporting people. The lifting gear on a crane, such as hooks and slings, is not equipped with the necessary safety features to ensure the safety of passengers. Using a crane to carry people in this way is extremely dangerous as there are no proper restraints or safety mechanisms in place to protect them from falls or other accidents. For example, if an attempt is made to lift a worker to a high elevation using a crane’s hook and sling, any sudden movement of the crane or a malfunction of the equipment could result in the worker being thrown off and suffering serious injuries or even death.
When hoisting objects that are prone to scattering, special lifting cages should be used. Many construction materials or components, such as loose bricks, small metal parts, or granular substances, are easily scattered during the lifting process. If these objects are not properly contained, they can fall and cause damage to the surrounding area, equipment, or even pose a threat to the safety of workers. Special lifting cages are designed to provide a secure enclosure for such objects, preventing them from scattering. The cages are usually made of sturdy materials with a proper mesh or enclosure design to ensure that the objects remain inside during the lift. For example, when transporting a load of loose gravel on a construction site, using a special lifting cage will keep the gravel from spilling out and causing a mess or potential hazards.
Work at heights platforms should be set up according to regulations. Work at heights is a common task in many construction and industrial operations, and the proper setup of work platforms is crucial for ensuring the safety of workers. These platforms provide a stable and secure working area for workers who need to perform tasks such as installation, maintenance, or inspection at elevated positions. The regulations governing the setup of work at heights platforms cover various aspects, including the size, location, and anchoring of the platforms. For example, the platform should be large enough to accommodate the necessary tools and equipment and allow workers to move around safely. It should also be anchored firmly to the supporting structure to prevent it from swaying or collapsing during use.
The strength of the platform and the height of the guardrails should meet the requirements of the relevant specifications. The strength of the work at heights platform is directly related to the safety of the workers standing on it. If the platform is not strong enough to support the weight of the workers and their equipment, it could collapse, leading to serious accidents. The relevant specifications define the minimum strength requirements based on factors such as the maximum expected load and the type of work being performed. Similarly, the height of the guardrails is also crucial. Adequate guardrail height helps to prevent workers from accidentally falling off the platform. The specifications usually stipulate a specific height range for the guardrails to ensure that they provide sufficient protection. For example, in many cases, the guardrail height should be at least 1.2 meters to effectively prevent falls.
The strength and structure of the ladders should meet the requirements of the relevant specifications. Ladders are often used to access work at heights platforms or other elevated work areas. The strength and structure of the ladders are critical for ensuring the safety of workers during the ascent and descent. The relevant specifications detail the requirements for the ladder’s material, construction, and load-bearing capacity. For example, the ladder should be made of sturdy materials such as aluminum or steel, and its rungs should be spaced evenly and securely attached to the side rails. The load-bearing capacity of the ladder should be sufficient to support the weight of the worker and any tools or equipment they may be carrying.
Reliable hanging points for safety belts should be set up and the safety belts should be worn high and fastened low. Safety belts are an essential safety device for workers engaged in work at heights. The proper setup of hanging points for safety belts ensures that workers have a secure attachment point when working at elevated positions. These hanging points should be located in a way that allows the safety belt to be worn in a way that provides maximum protection. The principle of wearing the safety belt high and fastening it low means that the attachment point on the worker’s body should be higher than the fastening point on the structure. This configuration helps to prevent the worker from falling far in the event of an accident and reduces the impact force if a fall does occur. For example, if a worker is working on a high-rise building exterior, they should attach their safety belt to a reliable hanging point on the building structure and fasten it to their body in a way that the attachment point is above the fastening point, ensuring their safety during the work.
The stacking load of components should be within the allowable range of the bearing capacity of the working surface. When stacking components on a working surface, it is essential to consider the bearing capacity of the surface. Different working surfaces, such as concrete slabs, steel platforms, or wooden decks, have different load-bearing capabilities. If the stacking load of components exceeds the allowable range of the bearing capacity of the working surface, it could cause the surface to deform, crack, or even collapse, which would not only damage the components but also pose a threat to the safety of the surrounding environment and workers. For example, if a large number of heavy steel beams are stacked on a concrete slab that has a limited bearing capacity, the slab may not be able to support the weight and could break, leading to potential accidents.
The stacking height of components should be within the allowable range specified. There are usually specific regulations or guidelines regarding the stacking height of components. This is because excessive stacking height can increase the risk of instability and collapse. For example, when stacking wooden pallets, if the height is too high, the pallets at the bottom may not be able to support the weight of those above, leading to a toppling effect. The allowable stacking height is determined based on factors such as the type of components, their weight, and the stability of the stacking method. By keeping the stacking height within the specified range, the stability and safety of the stacked components can be ensured.
For large components, measures should be taken to ensure their stability when stacking. Large components, such as heavy machinery parts or large precast concrete elements, require special attention when stacking. Due to their size and weight, they are more likely to become unstable during the stacking process. To ensure their stability, various measures can be taken. For example, using proper bracing or supports to hold the components in place, or arranging them in a specific pattern to distribute the load evenly. These measures help to prevent the large components from tipping over or shifting during the stacking process, which would otherwise pose a serious threat to the safety of the surrounding area and workers.
IV. Warning and Supervision
The operation warning area should be set up according to regulations. In any lifting and hoisting operation or work at heights task, setting up a proper warning area is essential to alert people in the vicinity of the potential danger. The warning area is used to demarcate the zone where the operation is taking place and to prevent unauthorized access. The regulations specify the size and location of the warning area based on the nature and scale of the operation. For example, for a large crane lifting operation, the warning area may cover a large radius around the crane to ensure that people stay clear of the area where the crane’s boom is moving and the lifted object is being transported.
Special personnel should be assigned to supervise the warning area. Once the warning area is set up, it is crucial to have dedicated personnel to supervise it. These supervisors are responsible for ensuring that no one enters the warning area without permission and for monitoring the progress of the operation within the area. They should be trained to recognize potential safety hazards and take appropriate action if necessary. For example, if they notice someone approaching the warning area during a crane lifting operation, they should immediately stop the person and explain the danger of entering the area. By having 专人监护 the warning area, the safety of the operation and the surrounding environment can be effectively safeguarded.
In conclusion, the inspection and evaluation of general items in lifting and hoisting works involve multiple aspects, and strict compliance with the relevant regulations is essential for ensuring the safety and smooth progress of these operations. Each of the above-mentioned areas, including lifting and hoisting, work at heights, component stacking, and warning and supervision, has its own specific requirements that must be met to protect the safety of workers, the integrity of equipment, and the surrounding environment.
